Modeling and visualization of uncertainties of categorical spatial data using geostatistics, 3D planar projections and color fusion techniques
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چکیده
This article explores the uncertainty modelling and their different ways of visualizations for categorical spatial attributes. It shows how to model these attributes using procedures of indicator geostatistics. The geostatistical modelling uses as input a set of sample points of the categorical attribute that are transformed in indicator samples according the classes of interest. Experimental and theoretical semivariograms of the indicator fields are defined representing the spatial variation of the indicator information. The indicator fields, along with their semivariograms, are used to determine the uncertainty model, the conditioned probability distribution function, of the attribute at any location inside the geographic region delimited by the samples. The probability functions are used for producing prediction and uncertainty maps based on the maximum class probability criterion. These maps can be visualized using different techniques. In this work, it is considered individual visualization of the predicted and uncertainty maps and of the predictions combined with their uncertainties. The combined visualizations are based on 3D planar projection and on the Red-Green-Blue to Intensity-Hue-Saturation (RGB-IHS) fusion transformation techniques. The methodology of this article is illustrated by a case study with real data, a sample set of soil textures observed in an experimental farm located in the region of São Carlos city in São Paulo State, Brazil. The resulting maps of this case study are presented and the advantages and the drawbacks of the visualization options are analyzed and discussed. Resumo. Este artigo explora a modelagem de incerteza e suas diferentes formas de visualização para atributos espaciais categóricos. Utilizam-se procedimentos geoestatísticos por indicação para a modelagem dos atributos. Essa modelagem usa, como dados de entrada, um conjunto de amostras pontuais do atributo categórico que são transformadas em amostras por indicação de acordo com as classes de interesse. Para cada amostra por indicação obtém-se semivariogramas experimentais e teóricos representando a variação espacial da informação por indicação. Os campos por indicação, em conjunto com seus respectivos semivariogramas, são usados para obtenção do modelo de incerteza, a função de distribuição de probabilidade condicionada às amostras, do atributo em qualquer localização espacial dentro da região geográfica delimitada pelo conjunto amostral. As funções de distribuição de probabilidades possibilitam a produção de mapas de predições e incertezas utilizando-se informação da moda, classe de máxima probabilidade, da Proceedings XVIII GEOINFO, December 04th to 06nd, 2017, Salvador, BA, Brazil. p 152-162.
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تاریخ انتشار 2017